Request an Appointment1300 848 470

Male FertilityClear, confidential support to understand sperm health and improve your chances of conceiving

Male fertility factors contribute to about one-third of couples facing infertility challenges. The good news is that with the right guidance and diagnosis, these challenges don't need to permanently impact your ability to conceive. Because male fertility plays a key role in conception, understanding sperm health and overall reproductive health is necessary to starting this journey.

Smiling man with a beard in a bright indoor setting, representing male fertility and wellness.

What affects male fertility? 

Male fertility can be affected by sperm count, movement, and shape, as well as hormones, underlying medical conditions, and lifestyle influences. Sometimes there is a clear cause, and sometimes the reason isn’t obvious even after testing. But in many situations there are still options to improve the chance of pregnancy.

Integral to assessing male fertility is a semen analysis which investigates how many sperm are present, how well they move, and whether they appear normal under the microscope. These results are interpreted in context, alongside your history and any other investigations.

A standard semen analysis will usually assess:

  • Sperm count: how many sperm are present in the sample (concentration and total number)
  • Motility: how many sperm are moving, and how well they swim forwards
  • Morphology: the proportion of sperm meeting criteria for the definition of normal shape 
  • Volume and consistency: how much semen is produced and its viscosity

Depending on your results and situation, Dr Ritu may also recommend:

  • Hormone tests to check for issues with testosterone or other hormones that affect sperm production
  • Further semen testing (such as DNA fragmentation) in selected cases
  • Imaging or urology review if there are concerns about varicocele (enlarged veins in the testicles), blockages to sperm movement, or other structural issues

How can male fertility be improved?

Optimise lifestyle habits

  • Avoid smoking and recreational drugs, limit alcohol intake
  • Maintain a healthy weight through balanced diet and regular exercise
  • Reduce exposure to heat (avoid hot tubs, saunas, and tight underwear)
  • Minimise exposure to environmental toxins like pesticides and heavy metals

Support hormonal and overall health

  • Manage chronic conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, or cardiovascular disease
  • Avoid anabolic steroids and unnecessary hormone supplements
  • Get adequate sleep and manage stress
  • Discuss any medications with your doctor, as some can affect sperm production

Improve sperm quality and availability through nutrition

  • Eat a nutrient-rich diet with antioxidants (fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains)
  • Ensure adequate intake of zinc, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids
  • Consider a fertility-friendly multivitamin if advised by your doctor

Pathway to care with Dr Ritu

Depending on your situation, Dr Ritu may:

  • Arrange semen analysis and other relevant tests to assess sperm health and look for any contributing factors
  • Review lifestyle, hormonal, medical, or anatomical factors that may be affecting fertility and provide treatment or advice where appropriate
  • Work with other professionals such as endocrinologists or urologists when further specialist input is needed, such as surgery to address a blockage in the sperm transport ducts or a varicocele

Sometimes, addressing lifestyle or medical barriers to conception is enough to allow you and your partner to conceive naturally. If this is not the case for you, you still have options for having a baby through assisted reproductive technologies.

If assisted reproduction is recommended, Dr Ritu will explain your options clearly so you know what each treatment involves and why it may suit your situation.

More about assisted reproduction
Dr Ritu Dutta

FAQs about male fertility

Male infertility can be caused by low sperm production, abnormal sperm function, or blockages that prevent sperm delivery. Common factors include hormonal imbalances, varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum), genetic conditions, infections, lifestyle factors like smoking or excessive alcohol use, and exposure to heat or environmental toxins. In many cases, the exact cause may not be clear, but most causes can be treated or managed with the right approach.

The main test for male fertility is a semen analysis, which measures sperm count, motility (movement), and morphology (shape) – how many sperm are present, how well they move, and whether they appear normal under the microscope. Dr Ritu may also review your medical history, perform a physical examination, and order hormone tests or imaging if needed. These results help identify any underlying issues and guide treatment options.

Yes, most causes of male infertility can be overcome with treatment. Hormonal imbalances can often be corrected with medication, functional issues like varicocele may be treated with surgery, and lifestyle changes can improve sperm quality. In cases where natural conception is difficult, assisted reproductive technologies such as IUI, IVF, or ICSI can help achieve pregnancy.

What to expect at your consultation

Dr Ritu’s focus is always on clear explanations and a plan that feels manageable and tailored to you. You will have the opportunity to discuss any concerns about male fertility in a private, respectful environment where she’ll explain any recommended tests, what the results mean, and the options available to you moving forward.

Book consultation